Are the Town Planners breaking their own laws? Lionel Culatto thinks so.by Conservationist and Lawyer Lionel CulattoThis development is about 15 storeys high with a tower of over 35 storeys on the site of the old Naval grounds. This is not allowed by the Gibraltar Development Plan. Policy H9 for example says that housing developments "will be expected to be sympathetic to the scale and character of the surroundings….." Many people have rightly objected to the construction of this monstrosity right next to the old town.
However, much more serious because of its permanent destructive effect are the plans for The King's Bastion. Policy OTT4 of the Gibraltar Development Plan states that "permission for developments which adversely affect the character of the historic town walls will be refused". The plans envisage much destruction of the interior of the Bastion including the uniquely designed gorge. It proposes a creation of a new upper floor covered by a dome. The plans do not only destroy large parts of the building, they also completely destroy its integrity. This is a listed ancient monument supposedly protected by the law. It is part of Gibraltar's application for world heritage status.
Why is this being done? Quite simply to create at least ten lanes of ten pin bowling. Whilst there might be such a demand for ten pin bowling and I make no comment on this, surely another site could be used for this; the 19 storey King’s Wharf perhaps or even the one billion pound east side leisure development.
The King’s Bastion should be restored making the most of its three centuries of heritage, creating a leisure and heritage centre complimentary to its history, and once more becoming the icon it once was and one of the symbols of the Gibraltarian identity. Before Lord Foster came along, we had our own icons and one of these is The King's Bastion. For years the people of Gibraltar have been denied access to this building and it has been left derelict. This is no excuse to destroy it even more. This is a real opportunity for the Government to do the right thing, restore the Bastion and open it to the public for everyone's enjoyment and for Gibraltar's economic benefit. This opportunity must not be lost.
In considering this application, I hope the Planning Commission is fully aware of the historic significance of this Bastion.
The Funicular Development will impact drastically on Gibraltar's North Front. This consists of Grand Battery and associated works with Landport Ditch, the Glacis and the Inundation (or Laguna) with the enfilading Northern Defences.
The West Front of the town stretches from Orange Bastion to South Bastion, and in the early 18th Century the Line Wall between the two Bastions was the old irregular medieval wall with occasional small gun platforms. Beyond this wall lay the sea. With no strong Battery this front was very weak. This dangerous situation was thankfully remedied by Sir William Green.
William Green was born in 1725 and was chief engineer of Gibraltar from 1761 to 1783. He married the daughter of another successful military engineer, Justly Watson, who had been present in Gibraltar with his father Jonas during the 1727 Siege. Green's son, Colonel Justly Watson Green was "military preceptor" to Queen Victoria's father, the Duke of Kent. The Duke was a Governor of Gibraltar. Green's wife, Miriam who wrote a diary of her experiences during the Great Siege, died in 1782 after catching a chill in a bombproof on the Rock. Green died in 1811, his son died around 1828.
Green's time in Gibraltar was not wasted. He improved the fortifications and also created the "Soldiers Artificers Company". In his report of 1770, he recommended remedial and new works and these were implemented by this Company of Artificers and amounted to about 30 million pounds in today's money.
By far the most important of the works was The King's Bastion. This powerful Bastion placed in the Line Wall between Orange and South Bastion, transformed the very weak west front. It was designed by Green with the assistance of General Boyd, the Lieutenant Governor.
During the Great Siege, it served as Eliott's command post. Without it, it is unlikely that Gibraltar would have been able to withstand the attack of the Spanish "Junk ships" in September 1782. So important was that event that the artist Copley chose it as the subject of his picture, which now hangs in the Guildhall library. This picture showing Eliott and his officers standing on The King's Bastion during this attack is so huge and impressive that the new Guildhall Art Gallery in the City of London was effectively built around it.
The King's Bastion played such an important part in the Great Siege of 1779 - 1783 that it was chosen as the place to celebrate the victory and to invest Elliot with the Knighthood of the Bath. As Drinkwater says "that the Honours might be conferred where Victory was gained".
The day chosen for the celebrations was St George's Day 23rd April 1783. For the occasion the Bastion was decorated with a colonnade. There was even a fireworks display.
The Lieutenant Governor during the Siege, General Boyd, was so fond of Gibraltar and so proud of the Bastion that on his instructions he was buried in a lighting passage on the right face of The Bastion. His tomb remains there to this day.
Green eventually became Chief Engineer of England, was promoted to Major General, received the thanks of Parliament (the first engineer to do so), and was created a Baronet. More importantly, by creating the artificers he transformed the Corps of Engineers. This he did in Gibraltar.
He was a great man and although not born here surely also a great Gibraltarian. His greatest permanent work in Gibraltar is undoubtedly The King's Bastion where in the Great Siege "Victory was gained".
Having just celebrated 300 years of British Gibraltar, it is somewhat cynical that this Government wants to destroy the very building that kept Gibraltar British all those years ago. Such wanton destruction is a dishonour to the memory of its architects, Green and Boyd.
Major General Sir William Green Bt spent 22 years of his life tirelessly working as he put it "to preserve one of the first fortresses in Europe from even an Enemy's mediating an insult". The Enemy did mediate an insult but thanks to The King's Bastion they were sent packing.
These plans for The King's Bastion are not the action of a Government committed to heritage. They are an insult and an outrage.
The foundation stone of King's Bastion was laid in 1773 by Boyd.
It is not just a huge Battery, it also had bombproof casemates for 800 men (for part of the Great Siege occupied by the 73rd (Highland) Regiment, later (1810) the Highland Light Infantry, and in 1959 with amalgamation the Royal Highland Fusiliers.
In the 1840s, as part of the recommendations of Sir John Jones, two stories of defensible barracks were built in the gorge.
In the 1870s, following the recommendations of Colonel WFD Jervois, the faces of the Bastion were re-constructed to take four 18 ton 10 inch RMLs and one 38 ton 12.5 inch RML. These guns are still there as are also some of the rare rope mantlets and other fittings.
During the 20th Century the roof of the RML Battery was used for various guns and searchlights, the last military use being as a saluting battery in the 1950s.
From the 1900s the Bastion was used for the generation of electric light, and later a new generating station to the designs of N Langdon were added to the north of the right flank.
Apart from its memorable involvement in the Great Siege, the Bastion has had a very interesting military history over 3 centuries. Furthermore, for most of its life the Bastion was the home of numerous regiments sent to Gibraltar to defend us. The Bastion also has an industrial history as for most of the 20th Century it supplied electric light to the civilian population .
Although the Bastion has lain uncared for some time, fortune has conspired to ensure that it is in a remarkably good condition and there are sufficient elements of its history remaining to warrant a restoration and conversion to an award winning heritage/leisure centre.
This development was made public in the "Gibraltar Chronicle" on 16th December 2004, a Government spokesman saying that the works at The King's Bastion would be commencing in June 2005. This was even before the formal planning application was advertised. There are even rumours circulating that this and the other big developments have all been announced at about the same time to confuse the Public. Why we need such a rush of developments at this particular time quite eludes me especially when the Chief Minister has said recently and I quote "the economy of Gibraltar has never in the entire history of Gibraltar, been more prosperous and successful than it is today".
Surprisingly, the Gibraltar Heritage Trust, although vociferous in its opposition to the funicular, has not to my knowledge come out publicly against this development.
For this Development to go ahead, the Government would need to give authority or licence after consultation and advice from the Trust. I can see no valid reason why the trustees, as protectors of our heritage and in accordance with their duties under the Gibraltar Heritage Ordinance could possibly approve of this wanton destruction. Indeed the Governor can not give a licence if the integrity of the Bastion would be impaired, which it obviously is.
With a new chairman, it would be timely for the trustees to assert their independence and allay the fears of its members and the Public, and to publicly state their total opposition to this project. This is important because, contrary to normal practice elsewhere in the civilised world, the meetings of the Planning Commission are secret and not held in public.
I smell a rat. I see a fait accompli. I hope I am wrong. I pray that the members of the Planning Commission will act independently.
"For too long in Gibraltar, important and potentially controversial projects had been approved by governments and DPC behind closed doors and presented as a "fait accompli" when all decisions had already been made. The open planning process that we introduced was designed to avoid precisely this".
These are the words of the Chief Minister in his speech of the 28th January 2005 to the Gibraltar Federation of Small Businesses. Has anything changed? Will anything change? Or will our land and our inheritance be once again sold for a shortsighted political gain and the wrong economic benefit? We shall have to wait and see.
First published in the Gibraltar Chronicle - Opinion - 8 February 2005